Process of



(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 1..

J. T. TUSSAUD, PROGESS 0F APPLYING PUB, 850., T0 WOVEN FABRICS, &c. No.436,389.

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7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

J. T. TUSSAUD. PROCESS OF APPLYING FUR, &0., T0 WOVEN FABRICS, e0.

Patented Sept. 16, 1890';

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. T. TUSSAUD.

PROGESS 0F APPLYING FUR, &c., T0 WOVEN FABRICS, &c. No. 436,389.

Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

(No M odel.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 4. J. T. TUSSAUD. PROCESS OF APPLYING PUB,850., TO WOVEN FABRICS, M.

Patented Sept. 16. 1890.

Wit lame:

da /M (No Model. 7 Sheets-Sheet 5. J. T. TUSSAUD. PROCESS OF APPLYINGFUR, &o., T0 WOVEN FABRICS, 6:0. No. 436.389.

Patented Sept. 16. 1890.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 6. J. T. TUSSAUD. PROCESS OF APPLYING PUB,650., T0 WOVEN FABRIGS, &c. No. 436,389. Patented Sept. 16. 1890.

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7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

(No Model.)

J. PROGESS 0F APPLYIN T. TUSSAUD. G FUR, 850., TO WOVEN FABRIGS, 8w.

} Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

.or other fiber or feathers is similar.

UNITED STATES PAT NT OFFICE.

JOHN THEODORE TUSSAUD, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

PROCESS OF APPLYING FUR, 800., TO WOVEN FABRICS, 80G.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,389, datedSeptember 16,1890.

Applicationfiled November 1, 1887- Serlal No. 253,966. (No specimens.)

lebone Road, London, VW, England, have in vented certain new and usefulImprovements in the Process of Applying Fur, &c., to Woven Fabrics, &c.,of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object a process for applying fur, hair,wool, or other fiber or feathers to woven fabrics or otherreceivingsurfaces.

The process when employed upon fur serves to utilize pieces of smallsize or irregular shape or pieces which for other reasons are of smallvalue. The fur or hair is first removed from the skin, the naturalarrangement of the fur or hair being retained as far as possible. Thenseparate tufts of the fur or hair are detached, and these tufts areaccumulated side by side upon a tape of velveteen or other likecarrying-surface. The continuous line of fur tuft-s so obtained is woundspirally upon a roller clothed with a fabric the surface of which hasbeen previously prepared with cement. The fur tufts are thus made toadhere by the root end to the receiving fabric or surface, which whenthus clothed closely resembles a natural skin.

The process when employed upon hair, wool, Tufts are taken from aregularly-disposed sliver or mass of hair, wool, fiber, or feathers, andthese tufts are accumulated side by side upon a tape orcarryin -surface.The continuous line of tufts so obtained is wound spirally upon a rollerclothed with the receiving fabric or ma terial, and the tufts are thusattached at one end only to the prepared surface of this fabric ormaterial. The product more or less resembles a natural skin, and may inlike manner be made into garments or employed as trimming for the same.

In carrying this process into effect I prefer to employ machinery whichI will proceed to describe by the aid of the drawings annexed. Thismachinery in part I have made the subject of another patent application,Serial No. 302,305, filed March'7, resort :2

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine by whichthe fur is accumulated on the tape of velveteen or like material. Fig. 2is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse sectiontaken on the line 1 l in Fig. 1 and as seen looking to the left. Fig. 4is a similar view as seen looking to the right. Fig. 5 is a plan of themachine by which the fur is transferred from the tape to the cementedback which finally receives it. Fig. 6 is a vertical transverse sectionof this machine, and Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the same.

In Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, a a is the fixed framing of the machine, and bis a frame jointed to it at b. The frame I) is caused to rock to andfro. It is connected by the adjustable rod 0 wit-h the adjustablecrank-pin d on the back of the beveled wheel (1 on the main shaft d,which is driven in any convenient manner. By means of the intermediategearwheels e the cam-shaftf is rotated at the same speed the main shaft.The cam-shaft carries four cams f',f f and f which control the movementsof various parts of the inachine, as hereinafter described.

g is the feed-trough mounted on the frame a. It is rectangular in formand open at the top. The fur is laid in the trough by hand in the stateas nearly as may be in which it lies on the back of the animal,excepting only that it has been removed from the skin by machinery orotherwise with as little derangement as possible. It is, however,divided into widths such as the trough can receive, and it is laid inthe trough with the roots of the hair downward and the points incliningupward and to the rear.

g g are two feed-rollers extending across the trough. Their surfaces areroughened like files and the fur passed beneath them and is held betweenthem and the polished bottom of the feed-trough. The cam f gives motionto these feedrollers intermittently and about at the time when the partsare in the position indicated in Fig. 1. The cam operates on a bowlcarried by a lever to which the rod h is con-' spur-wheels, transmitsmotion to an axis on which are worms h2 if, which drive wormwheels onthe axes of the fe ed-rollers g By this feed-gear the fur is advancedslowly and intermittently, and as tuft after tuft is removed still furis presented with the roots projecting just beyond the lip of thefeed-trough.

t' is a bar sliding up and down a short distance in stationary guidesr". It carries at its lower edge a comb, the pins or teeth of whichenter among the fur in front of the foremost feed-roller. This comb isdown in the fur at the time when, as hereinafter more fully described,the tuft of fur is robbed from the trough; but it is raised out of thefur at the time when the feed-rollers revolve to drive the fur forward.

The bar 2' is loosely jointed at its upper end to a rocking lever, and aspring is provided at the joint to avoid the necessity for accuratelyadjusting the stroke of the rocking lever. The rocking lever isconnected by a rod j with a lever carrying a bowl, which restsconstantly upon the periphery of the cam f Upon the rocking frame b aslide kis mounted. It is supported by the spring which causes theconical bowl k to bear constantly upon the face of the cam f.

Z is a nipping-blade, which is carried by the slide 70 in guides 70 inwhich it can rise and fall; but it is held down by the springs 70 7c,and these yield only when the lower edge of the blade is firmly pressedupon a surface beneath. 'This surface is a plate or table m,

fixed to the rocking-frame Z). When the frame advances, the table passesbeneath the lip of the feed-trough g. The frame 5 has arms upon it,which carry the two stud-axes b and 22 On the first the drum n ismounted, and from this is unwound the velveteen tape, upon which thetufts of fur are laid. The latter supports a roller 0, having aroughened filelike surface. The tape drawn from the drum 'n passes overa guide-roller n to the table on, and along this table to the roller 0,which, being driven with a step-by-step motion, winds the tape forward,and, finally, with the fur upon it, the tape is wound upon the drum 1).The drum 1) is carried by a pendulous arm 19 to which a cord 10 isattached. The cord passes over guide-pulleys to a weight 19 which holdsthedrum p up to the face of the roller 0. The roller 0 is driven byalever and drivingpawl engaging with a ratchet, and the lever isactuated by a cord passing over pulleys to another lever, and on this isa bowl bearing on the periphery of the cam f A spring causes the returnof the driving-pawl. The pendulous arm 19' also carries the adjustablespring 19 which, pressing against an intermediate or filling piece orpieces, keeps the drum p in place and applies a suitable friction. Whenthe spring is slackened and the fillingpieces removed, the drum p, whenfull, can be taken out and another put in in its place. In connectionwith the drum a similar means of adjusting friction are provided, sothat the drum may not unwind too freely. By the mechanism which I havedescribed for each lying on the table.

to-and-fro movement. of the rocking frame the velveteen tape is moved astep forward equal about to the width of the feed-trough, so that eachtuft of fur may be deposited in a fresh place. On the rocking frame alsothere is an arm I), to which a wire m is attached by a spring m whichkeeps it constantly tight. This arm also'carries a guide-eye t for thethread. The other endof the wire is attached to the end of the lever-armg, which has its fulcrum at q. An inclined face g of the arm q restsupon a roller at the extremity of another arm r, fixed on an axis 0, anda stop r limits the movement of the arm 1'. On the same axis r andaffixed to the arm r is a short arm r, Fig. 3, carrying a roller, andthis, when the rocking frame advances to the feedtrough, comes againstthe incline s, Fig. 1, fixed to the frame a. t is a bobbin, from which athread is drawn and the tension of which by the nut and spring t can beadjusted. The action is then as follows: The frame 1) advances to thefeed-trough until the end of the trough projects over the table m, thewire m being then lifted out of the way by reason of the roller on theshaft-arm r striking the incline s and rocking the arm 1', which causesthe roller carried thereby to bear upon the incline g of the arm q andlift the same, thereby moving the wire m out of the way. Thenipping-blade Z then descends and nips the tuft projecting from thetrough between its edge and the surface of the velveteen tape Therocking frame then retires, taking with it the tuft which has beennipped, but no more, for the rest of the fur is kept back in thefeed-trough by the comb on the bar 1'. Afterward the comb rises and theforward feed of the fur takes place. The tuft taken away by the rockingframe now rests upon the velveteen tape with the roots of the furoverhanging the edge of the tape. The fur clings to the surface of thetape, and it is held also by the wire m which descends upon it beforethe nipping-blade rises and releases it. The wire, however, does notimpede the onward movement of the fur when the tape travels on. As thetape with the fur upon it advances, it meets the thread from the bobbin23, which lies upon the velveteen and binds the fur down onto the tapeand passes on with it until the whole is wound together onto the drum p.

In Figs. 5, (i, and 7, A is the framing of the machine. It carries anaxis 13, on which is a belt-pulley B. A pinion on the axis B drives aspur-wheel on the axis 0, and the axis of the drum D is clutched fastwith the axis 0. A ratchet and pawl are provided to prevent the drum Dbeing turned the wrong way. The wheel E is mounted on a stud-axis, andit gears with the wheel on the axis 0. It can, however, be slid alongthe stud-axis and drawn out of gear when desired. A pinion fast wit-hthe Wheel E gears with a wheel on axis F, on which a screw-thread isout. When the wheel E is out of gear, the-axis F can be turned by handby means of the hand-wheel F at its farther end. The wheel E also gearswith an intermediate wheel G, and this drives a wheel on the axis H. Iis a saddle capable of sliding alongguides A A on the frame A. On thesaddle there is a nut I, engaging with the screw-thread on the axis F.The saddle carries a toothed wheel K, supported in a standard 1 gearingwith a corresponding wheel K. The hub K of this wheel K is free to slideon the shaft I-I, being provided with a groove in which is mounted afeather carried by the shaft, and is provided with a peripheral groove,with which an arm K Fig. 6, carried by the saddle I, engages, and thuscauses the wheel K to move laterally with the saddle. The wheelK alsogears with and drives a pinion L, on the axis of which a bobbin M iscarried and rotated by friction. The bobbin or drum N is the same thatreceived upon it the velveteen tape and fur from the previous machine.This tape is now to be unwound. The bobbin or drum N is carried by anarm 0, pivoted to a bracket-arm 0 Fig. 6, below the saddle, and ispressed up to the guideroller P by a rail Q, bearing against a roller inthe end of the arm 0 of the arm 0 and carried by a frame Q swinging onan axis Q. Q is an arm on the axis Q, which is weighted and gives to theframe Q carrying the rail a suitable preponderance toward the roller P.The velveteen tape passes over other guide-rollers P, P P and I to thesurface of the drum D, which is clothed with a woven fabric, which isprepared with oxidized oil or other cement and is in a tacky condition.As the velveteen tape is unwound from N the thread which was wound withit is taken up upon the bobbin M, and another thread drawn from abobbinB. may be passed down onto the fur to securely hold it. Another threaddrawn from a bobbin S is also employed, and in order to facilitate itssubsequent removal it is moistened by passing through a Water-trough atS. It runs by the side of the velveteen tape in a groove in theguide-pulley P, so that when the fur on the tape reaches the surface ofthe drum D this moistened thread bears on the root ends of the hairs andnips them against the surface of the drum. Thus the fur with the threadsis wound spirally around the drum D by reason of the revolution of thedrum and the slow movement of the saddle carrying the velveteen tape inadirection parallel with the axis of the drum, and the root ends of thefur become attached to the tacky cement on the fabric with which thedrum is clothed. The velveteen tape passes from the drum D to a drum Tand between this and another drum T. Springs hold the drums T and T incontact. These drums are both carried by the saddle, and the drum T isdriven by a pinion on its axis gearing with the wheel which traverseswith the saddle along the axis H.

, \Vhen the bobbin or drum N is empty, a pin on a lever U drops into anotch in the arc Q on the axis Q, and then the otherarm of the lever Uoperates by means of the pusher V to disengage the spring-handle WV froma retaming-notch. The handle IV when so liberated operates in the usualway to throw off the driving-belt and automatically stop the machine.

I will now describe somewhat more in die tail the way in which I preferto prepare the fur and the receiving-surface.

I cleanse the fur, 850., if necessary, from grease and dirt and thenoperate upon the natural skin for the purpose of loosening the fur, &c.,by soaking the skins or painting them on the flesh side with lime, or acombination of lime and sulphide of sodium, or by any other suitablemeans as practiced by tanners. When the fur, &c., is sufficiently loose,I drain the skins from excessive moisture and nail or stretch them on aboard or other suitable surface, fur upward, and I apply to the fur awarm solution of sulphate of soda, so as, when cool or set to asufficient degree of solidity, to hold the fur, &c., or other coveringin correct relative position while the natural support is removed, afterwhich the fur, &c., so held by the temporary holding means is dried andthe roots cleansed or freed from dirt or epidermis. I place the fur heldas described by the temporary holding means between two frames made ofwire-netting or perforated metal, so as to cover the fur on both sides,the mesh or holes being fine enough to prevent the fur working through.After placing the fur in the frames I immerse it in a bath containing awarm solution of sulphate of soda, so as to melt the soda or temporaryholding means contained in the fur. Afterward-I pass the frames socontaining the fur through warm water with a little soda until the furwithin the frames is well cleansed from the temporary holding medium,when, after rinsing, it may be dried in the frames or-may be removedfrom them and placed on a large frame of wire-netting or any othersuitable surface ready to be treated by the machine. a

When the skin is of little or no value or not worth saving, the for maybe separated from the skin by cutting it off" by means of theordinaryfur-cutting machine as employed for the purpose of manufacturing felt.

The followingis the manner in which the receiving-01o th is prepared: Ifirst give the mate rial upon which the fur, &c., is to be attached afirst coating of boiled linseed-oil of a sufficiently-thick consistencyso as not to sink through the cloth, which I then dry by submitting to agentle heat in a stove or oven, and when this coatingisd ryI place orstretch it upon the roller or dru m, and while on. the roller I spreador work a second coating, and when this coating is set and while stillmoist I spread or work a third coating,'or in like manner as manycoatings as may be necessary to hold the fur, &c.,

when it is worked onto it by the machine.

If the linseed-oil is too thick to be spread with convenience upon acloth or receivingsurface, I render it down or dilute with a smallquantity of benzoline or other suitable spirit, so as to make it spreadeasily upon the cloth or other receiving-surface. After the fur, &c., isso Worked upon the rollers as above described the ground thread may beunwound from off the roots of the f ur, &c., and the piece of fur, 850.,so manufactured may be taken from off the roller and nailed or placedupon a board and st-oved or placed in an oven and subjected to such aheat as usually employed by japanners or for the purpose of enamelinghides or leather or in the manufacture of American cloth.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature-of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat 1 claim is 1. The process, substantially as herein de- I scribed,of applying fur to a receiving-surface, consisting in detaching tuftsfrom the naturally-arranged fur, accumulating such tufts side by side.upon a carryingsurface, and subsequently applying the tufts to anadhesive surface to which they become attached, substantially as setforth.

2. The process, substantially as herein described, of applying fur,hair, or other fiber or feathers to a receiving-surface, consisting inaccumulating such material in tufts side by side upon a carrying-surfaceand subsequently applying them spirally to a fabric or equivalentsubstance arranged in cylin drical form and having an adhesive surfaceto which the tufts become attached.

JOHN THEODORE TUSSAUD.

Witnesses:

J NO. I-I. WHITEHEAD, 24 Southampton Buildings, London, W. O.

WALTER J. SKERTEN, 17 Gracechurch Street, London, E. O.

